Newton's election as a congressional representative could be important to Newton, but it was not important to history, and the year's greatest impact on human history was the outbreak of the Glorious Revolution in Britain.
This is about the era of Newton playing money.
Just before Newton's birth, Britain broke out of the bourgeois revolution, King Charles I was put on the guillotine, the British established the system of the Republic, the military strongman Cromwell (Oliver cromwell) to protect the country. After ten years (1658), the military strongman died, the restoration of the Stuart dynasty, was sent to the beating station of Charles II's son Charles II (Charles II) as king. Charlie did not have any heirs after death, and Charles II's brother James II was on the throne.
not good! James II was a devout Catholic, who, when he became king, wanted to restore the Catholic Church and also intended to designate the Catholic heir.
However, the vast majority of the British (including Cromwell, Charles I, Charles II, etc.) are religious religions of the Anglican Church - Protestant, emerging bourgeois merchants and new aristocrats are also Protestant, Not the Catholic Church, who was controlled by the Pope and then the French King Louis XIV, was a man who restricted the freedom and initiative of the Catholic Church.
These people see James II to restore, greatly panic, decided to engage in a coup.
What a coup it? That is, James II to engage in, let him believe in Protestant daughter to rule, and his daughter's husband, the Dutch ruling Wang William (William III), also led the Dutch resistance to the Catholic Church of the total background of the French aggression, The couple when the king, the British businessmen and nobles are at ease.
However, the British gang of aristocrats, engage in coup, and softly, do not want to bleed, heart is not ruthless, hands are not hot - actually fucking can be successful, because there is no bleeding, no sacrifice, no corpses , Whereby the revolution was called the "glorious revolution".
In 1689, "glorious revolution" success, James II was driven away, followed by William and Mary co-ruling, this period of British silver coins on the head has become a double head. However, when the Queen Mary died, the silver penny's head and turned into a William, great "with the birds do not fly" meaning.
William III and Mary II co-governor of a shill of coins and half a krono [1]
Then for the Newton.
In 1689, Newton's most attached spiritual object - the cow's mother died, which was a great blow to the single Newton, his mental disorder - often into the spirit of depression, insomnia and persecution of fear, he later commented that he said " He lost the kind of mental consistency in the past. "
In other words, Newton actually suffering from depression, for several years, he did not like the past as concentrating, did not make any new scientific work.
Moreover, the bad temper of Newton's course is very cattle, but the character does not lead him to mix in the circle is not ye, his treatment at Trinity College and its scientific community is extremely inconsistent with the title, served as the chief professor For many years, but always dwelling in the increasingly broken apartment, never promoted the opportunity to pay only to make ends meet.
Newton has a classmate and friend called Charles Montague, who is very angry with his friend, watching the peers who are not as Newton's peers have won the church and royal appreciation, fame and fortune, and Newton has been very shabby, he Efforts to find a new fat for the Newton.
Montague himself occupies a high level, in the royal family and aristocratic circle is very wide. Seeing Newton's shabby all day, he initially worked with aristocratic friends to recommend Newton as Dean of the University of Cambridge, but the Cambridge University leadership rejected the appointment in the name of no church support.
In 1694, Montague was called the Empire Chancellor of the Empire, holding the right to think he remembered the sorrowful perverse big scientist. In 1696 he wrote a letter to Newton:
"Dear friends, how happy I am, because I finally found a good opportunity to prove my friendship to you, but also the king of His Majesty your respect for your profound knowledge of the Ministry of Finance under the Royal Mint Council - Mr. Ou Weidong, who is about to be appointed as Commissioner of Customs and Excise, the Chief of the Royal Mint Office is vacant, and the King personally promised me to take you - Mr. Newton as the best of the Mint of the Mint. Work is really too old for you. Mint is not only one of the highest chiefs of the Mint, there are 500 to 600 pounds a year of lucrative income (I must tell you that this is really very large and very large sum of money, At that time a dollar equivalent to about 7.3 grams of gold, according to the price of gold, its annual salary equivalent to today's RMB reached more than 1 million, if the proportion of popular GDP to calculate its annual salary reached tens of millions of yuan!). Is that this position is not too much business needs to be handled, you can arbitrarily send leisure time, and even keep you in Trinity College Faculty. "
Look at this work, the annual salary of tens of millions, there is nothing to deal with, you can also leave a salary, the sky fell to the pie that big yo, that fat yo, that cool yo, all of a sudden put Newton to drop fainted!
If you, this is also considered? Take office immediately!
Newton, of course!
Newton took office, left Cambridge such a town, moved to the big city of London, as coin supervisor.
As for the Montagu said nothing to do, you can spare leisure time - how this line? How do you have to work a little bit? Not to mention, this is too underestimated the level of large scientists and IQ, right?
Engage in mathematical reasoning origin, to the coinage factory first thing, is the pursuit of digital precision, the pursuit of the program logical. As executive director of the Royal Mint, Newton quickly estimated that about 20% of the coins in the circulation were forged.
There was nothing piling up to Newton, because he had to figure out all aspects of the mint, but also to pay attention to the circulation of coins in society, and that he was quick to heal Newton's depression , At the same time, Newton also quickly figured out the actual situation of the mint.
Forged money in the UK is outrageous and will be punished. In spite of this, it is extremely difficult to condemn the infamous criminals, because the British law retains the "old and troubled" habit, setting up the necessary obstacles to prosecution, and the government has long been separated from the judiciary.
However, the kung fu pays off, Newton stunned to find a good way to get this task, he conceal his identity to the bar and the inn secretly collected evidence, and in June 1698 to 1699 Christmas between the guide 200 counterfeit currency witnesses, whistleblowers and suspects cross-examination.
Niu adult evidence is conclusive, logical, accurate figures, there are numerous reasons?
Newton was able to win, and in February 1699 personally went to the execution ground to watch 10 criminals to execute the death penalty. Later, he ordered all of the interrogation records to be destroyed.
There is such an example, Newton had the identity of the king as a legal agent and William - Chalona (WilliamChaloner) confrontation. The man is a typical thief called the thief, he sued the mint paidly provided the tool to the counterfeit money, asked Congress to allow him to check the mint production process to prove his accusations, also asked Congress to adopt what he called "can not be forged Mint process. " Newton, who was the director of the mint, was enraged, and he proceeded to investigate the other things Chalona had done. In the survey, Newton found that Chalona was involved in counterfeit coins. He immediately sued Chalona, but Chalona is not fuel-efficient lights, there are some friends at the top of the government, so was acquitted, which makes Newton almost depressed. However, the scientific madman made persistent efforts, in the second prosecution, Newton provided conclusive evidence, and successfully made Chalona was sentenced to sins. March 23, 1699, Chalona was injured in the execution ground.
In 1699, engaged in the same financial and outstanding Newton adults won the King's commendation, promoted to the coin bureau chief - the emperor's money management of the highest executive, the pension rose to 1000 pounds, but also allowed to recycle money from each Work in the commission. In this way, Newton's total income thus reached an average of £ 1,200 to £ 1500 per year - it is said that the construction of the Greenwich Observatory was only £ 500!
The higher position of course means heavier responsibility. In fact, the work of the Royal Mint is not only the casting of new coins, to fight counterfeit money so simple, one of the mysterious and contradictory with the rapid development of the British economy and more complex. In the era of metal currency is still popular, the decision of the mint to maintain the national and even the European monetary system of health and stability.
Newton, has become one of the key figures in the decision-making power of the British Empire.
This is about the era of Newton playing money.
Just before Newton's birth, Britain broke out of the bourgeois revolution, King Charles I was put on the guillotine, the British established the system of the Republic, the military strongman Cromwell (Oliver cromwell) to protect the country. After ten years (1658), the military strongman died, the restoration of the Stuart dynasty, was sent to the beating station of Charles II's son Charles II (Charles II) as king. Charlie did not have any heirs after death, and Charles II's brother James II was on the throne.
not good! James II was a devout Catholic, who, when he became king, wanted to restore the Catholic Church and also intended to designate the Catholic heir.
However, the vast majority of the British (including Cromwell, Charles I, Charles II, etc.) are religious religions of the Anglican Church - Protestant, emerging bourgeois merchants and new aristocrats are also Protestant, Not the Catholic Church, who was controlled by the Pope and then the French King Louis XIV, was a man who restricted the freedom and initiative of the Catholic Church.
These people see James II to restore, greatly panic, decided to engage in a coup.
What a coup it? That is, James II to engage in, let him believe in Protestant daughter to rule, and his daughter's husband, the Dutch ruling Wang William (William III), also led the Dutch resistance to the Catholic Church of the total background of the French aggression, The couple when the king, the British businessmen and nobles are at ease.
However, the British gang of aristocrats, engage in coup, and softly, do not want to bleed, heart is not ruthless, hands are not hot - actually fucking can be successful, because there is no bleeding, no sacrifice, no corpses , Whereby the revolution was called the "glorious revolution".
In 1689, "glorious revolution" success, James II was driven away, followed by William and Mary co-ruling, this period of British silver coins on the head has become a double head. However, when the Queen Mary died, the silver penny's head and turned into a William, great "with the birds do not fly" meaning.
William III and Mary II co-governor of a shill of coins and half a krono [1]
Then for the Newton.
In 1689, Newton's most attached spiritual object - the cow's mother died, which was a great blow to the single Newton, his mental disorder - often into the spirit of depression, insomnia and persecution of fear, he later commented that he said " He lost the kind of mental consistency in the past. "
In other words, Newton actually suffering from depression, for several years, he did not like the past as concentrating, did not make any new scientific work.
Moreover, the bad temper of Newton's course is very cattle, but the character does not lead him to mix in the circle is not ye, his treatment at Trinity College and its scientific community is extremely inconsistent with the title, served as the chief professor For many years, but always dwelling in the increasingly broken apartment, never promoted the opportunity to pay only to make ends meet.
Newton has a classmate and friend called Charles Montague, who is very angry with his friend, watching the peers who are not as Newton's peers have won the church and royal appreciation, fame and fortune, and Newton has been very shabby, he Efforts to find a new fat for the Newton.
Montague himself occupies a high level, in the royal family and aristocratic circle is very wide. Seeing Newton's shabby all day, he initially worked with aristocratic friends to recommend Newton as Dean of the University of Cambridge, but the Cambridge University leadership rejected the appointment in the name of no church support.
In 1694, Montague was called the Empire Chancellor of the Empire, holding the right to think he remembered the sorrowful perverse big scientist. In 1696 he wrote a letter to Newton:
"Dear friends, how happy I am, because I finally found a good opportunity to prove my friendship to you, but also the king of His Majesty your respect for your profound knowledge of the Ministry of Finance under the Royal Mint Council - Mr. Ou Weidong, who is about to be appointed as Commissioner of Customs and Excise, the Chief of the Royal Mint Office is vacant, and the King personally promised me to take you - Mr. Newton as the best of the Mint of the Mint. Work is really too old for you. Mint is not only one of the highest chiefs of the Mint, there are 500 to 600 pounds a year of lucrative income (I must tell you that this is really very large and very large sum of money, At that time a dollar equivalent to about 7.3 grams of gold, according to the price of gold, its annual salary equivalent to today's RMB reached more than 1 million, if the proportion of popular GDP to calculate its annual salary reached tens of millions of yuan!). Is that this position is not too much business needs to be handled, you can arbitrarily send leisure time, and even keep you in Trinity College Faculty. "
Look at this work, the annual salary of tens of millions, there is nothing to deal with, you can also leave a salary, the sky fell to the pie that big yo, that fat yo, that cool yo, all of a sudden put Newton to drop fainted!
If you, this is also considered? Take office immediately!
Newton, of course!
Newton took office, left Cambridge such a town, moved to the big city of London, as coin supervisor.
As for the Montagu said nothing to do, you can spare leisure time - how this line? How do you have to work a little bit? Not to mention, this is too underestimated the level of large scientists and IQ, right?
Engage in mathematical reasoning origin, to the coinage factory first thing, is the pursuit of digital precision, the pursuit of the program logical. As executive director of the Royal Mint, Newton quickly estimated that about 20% of the coins in the circulation were forged.
There was nothing piling up to Newton, because he had to figure out all aspects of the mint, but also to pay attention to the circulation of coins in society, and that he was quick to heal Newton's depression , At the same time, Newton also quickly figured out the actual situation of the mint.
Forged money in the UK is outrageous and will be punished. In spite of this, it is extremely difficult to condemn the infamous criminals, because the British law retains the "old and troubled" habit, setting up the necessary obstacles to prosecution, and the government has long been separated from the judiciary.
However, the kung fu pays off, Newton stunned to find a good way to get this task, he conceal his identity to the bar and the inn secretly collected evidence, and in June 1698 to 1699 Christmas between the guide 200 counterfeit currency witnesses, whistleblowers and suspects cross-examination.
Niu adult evidence is conclusive, logical, accurate figures, there are numerous reasons?
Newton was able to win, and in February 1699 personally went to the execution ground to watch 10 criminals to execute the death penalty. Later, he ordered all of the interrogation records to be destroyed.
There is such an example, Newton had the identity of the king as a legal agent and William - Chalona (WilliamChaloner) confrontation. The man is a typical thief called the thief, he sued the mint paidly provided the tool to the counterfeit money, asked Congress to allow him to check the mint production process to prove his accusations, also asked Congress to adopt what he called "can not be forged Mint process. " Newton, who was the director of the mint, was enraged, and he proceeded to investigate the other things Chalona had done. In the survey, Newton found that Chalona was involved in counterfeit coins. He immediately sued Chalona, but Chalona is not fuel-efficient lights, there are some friends at the top of the government, so was acquitted, which makes Newton almost depressed. However, the scientific madman made persistent efforts, in the second prosecution, Newton provided conclusive evidence, and successfully made Chalona was sentenced to sins. March 23, 1699, Chalona was injured in the execution ground.
In 1699, engaged in the same financial and outstanding Newton adults won the King's commendation, promoted to the coin bureau chief - the emperor's money management of the highest executive, the pension rose to 1000 pounds, but also allowed to recycle money from each Work in the commission. In this way, Newton's total income thus reached an average of £ 1,200 to £ 1500 per year - it is said that the construction of the Greenwich Observatory was only £ 500!
The higher position of course means heavier responsibility. In fact, the work of the Royal Mint is not only the casting of new coins, to fight counterfeit money so simple, one of the mysterious and contradictory with the rapid development of the British economy and more complex. In the era of metal currency is still popular, the decision of the mint to maintain the national and even the European monetary system of health and stability.
Newton, has become one of the key figures in the decision-making power of the British Empire.
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