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Tragic first Katyusha rocket force: the whole army was over but no surrender and leak

July 14, 1941, the Soviet Union Dnieper and Beilu River [the word in the Russian is the meaning of the swan, Tchaikovsky's famous dance "Swan Lake" is drawn from the mountains near Orsa and The folklore in the village] between the highway and the railway hub - Orsa, has been occupied by the Germans. Central Army forces vanguard of several divisions, with the lack of anti-tank weapons, the Soviet garrison troops experienced a violent exchange of fire has been captured here. Since June 22, they have been triumphant, due to a sudden attack, long-term penetration, the Soviet Union for the defense and cleaning, the Germans quickly broke through more than 200 kilometers of the Soviet border. Thanks to the blasting of Poland and the conquest of France's fighting experience, the German blitzkrieg system can be said to be consummate, in the vast Eastern European Great Plains like three sharp knives quickly tear the main force of the Soviet resistance. Although the small-scale desperate resistance around the endless stream, but no harm to the overall situation, the Germans quickly toward the intended target fast forward. At this time the Germans is completely irresistible momentum, a quick victory seems to have been near the front, to conquer Europe and divide the world's dream seems to have been close at hand.

After the farther away from the Olsa farther, the city can only hear far from the sporadic guns. The train station a busy, the Germans seized by the few of the Soviet Union wide rail trains, pay close attention to the rear of the supplies and troops continue to be transported to the front of the base, the Russian summer, the sun like fire, many logistics soldiers have uniforms and Equipment lost on the side, barely go into battle material, the station on both sides of the awning, lying full of summer German officers and men.

Moscow time at 2:30 pm, a burst of piercing the air scared to the busy German, when all the panic of the look to the surrounding, a burst of dense, long white towers dragged the white bullets suddenly From the sky, then the shells of the shells had a violent explosion, a lot of soldiers close to the placement of the soldiers were directly fried crushed, the explosion and detonated the train full of ammunition and fuel, the explosion will be the whole station with everything inside the bombing , Leaving only a dead silence and a ruin.

This sudden violent attack directly caused the German casualties. Air force before the investigation ready to crack down on the firing of the Soviet artillery units, but not only nothing, but also almost by the Soviet air defense forces shot down. Ground forces have to temporarily stop the pace of advance, waiting for follow-up troops and maintenance of the train station.

According to the surviving Peripheral Artillery Observer report, if the exclusion of the subsequent explosion, the artillery attack lasted less than half a minute. Many front-line commanders think that observers are not mistaken for the table is shells fried silly, but soon, other survivors also support this argument. As the scene is a mess, the front line and eager to clean up and restore the station function to continue the attack, the investigation work can only give up halfway, after a few hours, the "Soviet use of new artillery bombardment of Aersa" report is still the central The army reported, but the German superiors the same puzzled, because before they did not receive any relevant information.

Of course, the bombing of Mongolia is not just the Germans. In the tens of kilometers east of Orsa, the tactical attack, to cover down the serious retreat of the Soviet army blocking the troops, was also shocked by this sudden bombardment. Accompanied by almost to pierce the whirling of the eardrum, towing long tail smoke shells such as the wind version of the passing of their heads, hit the depths behind the opposite Fascist. Flames and fumes can be seen more than ten kilometers away, the earth trembling, a lot of assault in the Soviet soldiers and transfer positions in the artillery shocked in situ.

"The artillery was victorious, and some of the officers and men of our army were even scared to come back without notice and witnessing the great power," said the captain of the priestess, who was fighting at the front line.

▲ After the Germans in order to prevent the railway station once again suffered a blow, sent all the reconnaissance aircraft near the airport to find the Soviet artillery positions. At the same time, the number of wave sub-map card dive bombers on the nearby withdrawal of Su Jin was hit. However, from beginning to end, the Germans were unable to find the Soviet Union's large caliber artillery. Until late at night, seven trucks wore the railroad from the camouflage net covered in the hidden pit quietly launched the engine, to the east retreat. This mysterious artillery forces after the shelling in order to prevent the German counterattack, did not carry out the second wave of blow, turn the camouflage hidden, fooled all the German reconnaissance ears.

This type of mysterious equipment is later known as the "Katyusha" BM-13 self-rocket launcher, and this force, is the first use of the troops of Katyusha - a special independent artillery company.

▲ In fact, the Russian rocket research the most tricky can be traced back to World War I, Russian engineers have tried to use wood and simple rocket mounted on the plane, to fight against the ground. The outbreak of the October Revolution soon interrupted the study until the Soviet Union began to recover gradually in the late 1920s.

1939 Nomenem battle, secret war I16 special experimental team using 82mm light rockets repeatedly attacked the Japanese, shot down four Japanese 96 bombers, and destroyed three Japanese artillery positions [the Japanese once thought that the Soviet Union will be 76mm cannon The aircraft and the study, the study has continued to the end of the war, completely with the distortion of the Japanese aviation weapons technology tree, the Soviet ministries of the war situation is extremely satisfied with the military sector to speed up the R & D for R & D speed.

But research has always been anxious, car rocket launcher from the end of the year began to experiment. But until the summer of 39, the experiment is often unsuccessful, trajectory erratic, poor ammunition reliability, high cost and other problems have always plagued the new weapons. Until the end of March 39, the prototype of the Communist International plant passed the test, until the use of rockets in the battle of the Noumenkan report submitted to the factory, this "secret weapon" is considered a feather early abundance, reached a "large area covered enemy Position, build ground, open the breach, "the basic requirements, until June 41, this advanced rocket into the mass production stage.

The sudden fall of the war disrupted all the deployment of the Soviets, but the process of some things has been greatly accelerated.

On June 28, the Soviets decided to form a special independent rocket laureter БМ-13. 30 days and nights, the first two rocket launchers to the station. On the second day, the "special independent artillery company" was established, which consists of seven knives including the БМ-13-16 rocket, including a supply row, carrying 3000 rounds of ammunition and some maintenance accessories. As the equipment is equipped with advanced secret weapons, must be composed of the best soldiers, all soldiers from the Czech Republic Roungeri artillery school group of the best volunteers selected, the commander by the loyal and reliable people's committee Captain Ivan Andreyevich Frigoyov served as captain.

On 11 July, the ministry arrived at the front and destroyed the Olsa train station on 14th. Captain Fleighuelov was indeed an experienced commander. In order to prevent the artillery from being destroyed by the enemy's counterattack, he excavated the hidden part in advance and measured the yuan. In a round of the launch of light 112 ammunition destroyed Orsa station, immediately transferred to the deployment of the position to the hidden, successfully escape the German air reconnaissance and counterattack.

Of course, this is just the beginning. 20, the German front line once again sent a report, a occupation of a Smolenskke outside the important village of the infantry regiment in the face of unknown strong artillery covered by the Soviet repulsed, the casualties are extremely heavy; 30, there is a howitzer Camp position was poisoned. Since then, the Germans have been bombed in the battle against Smolensk, "Stalin has a kind of sound like an organ like a super weapon," the news spread like wildfire, the rumors of terror as the spread of the plague, a serious blow to the German morale "It is important for us to find this unit at all costs, to find the troops, to capture their personnel and equipment." Hitler and his generals set the order again and again to the front, but to no avail, cunning Frijlov has survived the Germans' counterattack and reconnaissance countless times and sent his opponent into hell.

At the end of August, Frijlov fought to Yelnia, fighting with Marshal Zhukov, trying to destroy the Ermenegildo Zernia, for Moscow to complete the deployment of defense time. Although the opponent is a powerful No. 10 armored division, the 17th step and the SS "empire" division, "big German" division, but they are no fear, Katyusha and other guns, mortar Once carried out a joint operation, all kinds of artillery constitute a wave of intensive barrage, a strong cover of the armored cluster on the German elite entrenched positions to attack.

"We have lost more than half of our casualties! All the commanders are killed! The Russians are crazy! They have thrown all the shells of the whole Soviet Union! No trees can be found in the whole position! The high ground was cut by 1 to 2 meters! "A seventeenth motorized infantry division of a staff officer said after the war [this person because of this statement was considered to shake the elements, in order to prevent its continued to keep the military sent to be sent To the back of the convalescence, after being secretly secretly executed.

By the beginning of September, the Germans had to give up the Ermenegildo Zernia, south to strengthen the southern army, the Soviet Union recovered Ernie. This war, Katyusha consumed more than a thousand rounds of shells, a strong support for Zhu Kefu, Zhu Kefu later wrote a memoir in this also mentioned.

In mid-September, Frijlov returned to the Smolensk area again, but with the arrival of the fall and Leningrad, Stalingrad two lines of combat tight and troops deployed, Smolensk direction of the Soviet Union The army began to become very tired, with the arrival of the fall of the rain, trenches and hidden parts of the water and disguise was washed away the problem becomes very serious, the Soviet began to become weak, Katyusha is still trying to sing , But difficult to save the crisis.

In early October, the Germans concentrated on the new reserve, launched a "typhoon" action, aimed at breaking the Smolensk after direct access to Moscow. Suddenly the whole front of the Soviet Union was broken, the Soviet army was forced to begin to retreat. On the night of October 7th, Fellettia, who was hiding marching, suffered from the infiltration of troops in the village of Bugat and the Germans. Artillery quickly launched firing positions, other personnel and friendly forces are hard to block the German army charge for the launch of rocket launchers for time. It was clear from the light of the flare of the light, and a German assault was rushing here, and he quickly ordered the troops to fire, and all the last 200 rockets were tilted to the head of the fascist.

When Katyusha's last song finished, the ministry was already in a tight encirclement, and the soldiers blew up the launch vehicle, and even a screw did not fall into the hands of the Germans. All the officers and men are almost all sacrificed, no one was captured or surrendered.

The first branch of the Katyusha army disappeared in the city of Moscow, until they are completely destroyed, the Germans have failed to get the secret of Katyusha.

However, not so Germany sigh of relief, Katyusha's song once again resounded in the city of Moscow, Ferrier Loew and his Katyusha no longer sing, but tens of thousands of Taiwan Katyusha Have been assembled on the production line, they will sing from the city of Moscow under the city of Berlin, singing the third empire fell apart.

▲ Ferrerov was posthumously awarded a Medal of War Medal, a street of Aersa was named Ferrerov Street, at the end of the street, still stands the statue of Katyusha.

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